Report

PVDC---Global Industry Market Analysis Report 2020-2031

Automobile & Transportation

Publication Time:2025-04-17 16:40:29

Select Version:

$1900.00
  • Content Summary
  • Report Catalog
  • Report Tables & Figures
  • other
Polyvinylidene Chloride (PVDC) is a high-performance polymer widely used in food packaging and pharmaceutical packaging due to its superior barrier properties. It effectively blocks moisture, oxygen, and aroma, helping to extend the shelf life of products and preserve their quality.

In food packaging, PVDC is especially valued for its ability to protect food from spoilage and maintain freshness, making it a common choice for products like meat, cheese, and processed foods. Similarly, in the pharmaceutical industry, PVDC is used to safeguard medications from environmental factors that could affect their potency and stability.

Despite its utility in packaging, there are growing concerns about the environmental impact of PVDC. As a non-biodegradable material, it poses challenges for waste management and recycling processes, contributing to plastic pollution. These environmental concerns have led to an increasing push for sustainable alternatives to PVDC in packaging solutions.

Report Scope
This report aims to deliver a thorough analysis of the global market for PVDC, offering both quantitative and qualitative insights to assist readers in formulating business growth strategies, evaluating the competitive landscape, understanding their current market position, and making well-informed decisions regarding PVDC.

The report is enriched with qualitative evaluations, including market drivers, challenges, Porter’s Five Forces, regulatory frameworks, consumer preferences, and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) factors.

The report provides detailed classification of PVDC, such as type, etc.; detailed examples of PVDC applications, such as application one, etc., and provides comprehensive historical (2020-2025) and forecast (2026-2031) market size data.

The report provides detailed classification of PVDC, such as VDC-VC Copolymer Resin, VDC-MA Copolymer Resin, Others, etc.; detailed examples of PVDC applications, such as Food Packaging and Wrap, Pharmaceuticals Packaging, Sterilized Medical Packaging, Others, etc., and provides comprehensive historical (2020-2025) and forecast (2026-2031) market size data.

The report covers key global regions—North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa—providing granular, country-specific insights for major markets such as the United States, China, Germany, and Brazil.

The report deeply explores the competitive landscape of PVDC products, details the sales, revenue, and regional layout of some of the world's leading manufacturers, and provides in-depth company profiles and contact details.

The report contains a comprehensive industry chain analysis covering raw materials, downstream customers and sales channels.

Core Chapters

Chapter One: Introduces the study scope of this report, market status, market drivers, challenges, porters five forces analysis, regulatory policy, consumer preference, market attractiveness and ESG analysis.

Chapter Two: market segments by Type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.

Chapter Three: PVDC market sales and revenue in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.

Chapter Four: Provides the analysis of various market segments by Application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.

Chapter Five: Detailed analysis of PVDC manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share, footprint, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter Six: Provides profiles of leading manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction.

Chapter Seven: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, customers and sales channel.

Chapter Eight: Key Takeaways and Final Conclusions

Chapter Nine: Methodology and Sources.

1 PVDC Market Overview and Qualitative Analysis
1.1 PVDC Product Definition and Statistical Scope
1.2 PVDC Market Status and Outlook
1.2.1 PVDC Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031
1.2.2 PVDC Market Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2020-2031
1.3 PVDC Market Driver Analysis
1.4 PVDC Market Challenges Analysis
1.5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis
1.5.1 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
1.5.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers
1.5.3 Threat of New Entrants
1.5.4 Threat of Substitute Products
1.5.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry
1.6 Regulatory Policy Analysis
1.7 Consumer Preference Analysis
1.8 Market Attractiveness Analysis
1.9 ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) Analysis
2 PVDC Market Type Estimates & Trend Analysis
2.1 PVDC Type Dashboard
2.2 PVDC Market by Type
2.2.1 VDC-VC Copolymer Resin
2.2.2 VDC-MA Copolymer Resin
2.2.3 Others
2.3 Global PVDC Market Size by Type
2.3.1 Historical Analysis of the Global PVDC Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
2.3.2 Projected Analysis of Global PVDC Market Size by Type (2026–2031)
3 PVDC Market Geography Estimates & Trend Analysis
3.1 PVDC Geography Dashboard
3.2 Global PVDC Historic Market Size by Region
3.2.1 Global PVDC Market Sales by Region (2020-2025)
3.2.2 Global PVDC Market Revenue by Region (2020-2025)
3.3 Global PVDC Forecasted Market Size by Region
3.3.1 Global PVDC Market Sales by Region (2026-2031)
3.3.2 Global PVDC Market Revenue by Region (2026-2031)
3.4 North America PVDC Market by Country
3.4.1 North America PVDC Market Sales by Country (2020-2031)
3.4.2 North America PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
3.4.3 United States PVDC Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.4.4 Canada PVDC Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.5 Europe PVDC Market by Country
3.5.1 Europe PVDC Market Sale by Country (2020-2031)
3.5.2 Europe PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
3.5.3 Germany Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.5.4 France Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.5.5 U.K. Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.5.6 Italy Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.5.7 Spain Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.6 Asia-Pacific PVDC Market by Region
3.6.1 Asia-Pacific PVDC Market Sales by Region (2020-2031)
3.6.2 Asia-Pacific PVDC Market Revenue by Region (2020-2031)
3.6.3 China Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.6.4 Japan Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.6.5 South Korea Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.6.6 India Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.6.7 Southeast Asia Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.7 Latin America PVDC Market by Country
3.7.1 Latin America PVDC Market Sales by Country (2020-2031)
3.7.2 Latin America PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
3.7.3 Mexico Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.7.4 Brazil Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.8 Middle East and Africa PVDC Market by Country
3.8.1 Middle East and Africa PVDC Market Sales by Country (2020-2031)
3.8.2 Middle East and Africa PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2031)
3.8.3 Turkey Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.8.4 Saudi Arabia Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
3.8.5 South Africa Market Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
4 PVDC Market Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
4.1 PVDC Market Application Dashboard
4.2 PVDC Market by Application
4.2.1 Food Packaging and Wrap
4.2.2 Pharmaceuticals Packaging
4.2.3 Sterilized Medical Packaging
4.2.4 Others
4.3 Global PVDC Market Size by Application
4.3.1 Historical Analysis of Global PVDC Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
4.3.2 Projected Analysis of Global PVDC Market Size by Application (2026-2031)
5 PVDC Market Competitive Landscape Analysis
5.1 Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Market Sales Performance and Share Analysis
5.2 Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Market Revenue Performance and Share Analysis
5.3 Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Average Sales Price (2020-2025)
5.4 Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Regional Footprint (Headquarters, Manufacturing Base and Sales Ares)
5.5 Mergers and Acquisition Analysis
6 Leading Manufacturers’ Company Profiles
6.1 SK geo centric
6.1.1 SK geo centric Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.1.2 SK geo centric Introduction and Business Overview
6.1.3 SK geo centric PVDC Product Portfolio
6.1.4 SK geo centric PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
6.2 Kureha
6.2.1 Kureha Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.2.2 Kureha Introduction and Business Overview
6.2.3 Kureha PVDC Product Portfolio
6.2.4 Kureha PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
6.3 Syensqo (Solvay)
6.3.1 Syensqo (Solvay) Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.3.2 Syensqo (Solvay) Introduction and Business Overview
6.3.3 Syensqo (Solvay) PVDC Product Portfolio
6.3.4 Syensqo (Solvay) PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
6.4 Asahi Kasei
6.4.1 Asahi Kasei Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.4.2 Asahi Kasei Introduction and Business Overview
6.4.3 Asahi Kasei PVDC Product Portfolio
6.4.4 Asahi Kasei PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
6.5 Juhua Group
6.5.1 Juhua Group Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.5.2 Juhua Group Introduction and Business Overview
6.5.3 Juhua Group PVDC Product Portfolio
6.5.4 Juhua Group PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
6.6 Nantong SKT
6.6.1 Nantong SKT Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.6.2 Nantong SKT Introduction and Business Overview
6.6.3 Nantong SKT PVDC Product Portfolio
6.6.4 Nantong SKT PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
6.7 Keguan Polymer
6.7.1 Keguan Polymer Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.7.2 Keguan Polymer Introduction and Business Overview
6.7.3 Keguan Polymer PVDC Product Portfolio
6.7.4 Keguan Polymer PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
6.8 Xinglu Chemical
6.8.1 Xinglu Chemical Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
6.8.2 Xinglu Chemical Introduction and Business Overview
6.8.3 Xinglu Chemical PVDC Product Portfolio
6.8.4 Xinglu Chemical PVDC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue, Sales, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share)
7 Industry Chain Analysis
7.1 Upstream Key Raw Materials
7.1.1 Raw Materials A Definition and Suppliers
7.1.2 Raw Materials B Definition and Suppliers
7.1.3 Raw Materials C Definition and Suppliers
7.2 PVDC Typical Downstream Customers
7.3 PVDC Sales Channel Analysis
8 Key Takeaways and Final Conclusions
9 Methodology and Sources
9.1 Research Methodology
9.2 Data Mining
9.2.1 Preliminary Data Sources
9.2.2 Secondary Sources
9.3 Industry Analysis Matrix
9.4 Disclaimer
Table 1. PVDC Market Driver Analysis
Table 2. PVDC Market Challenges Analysis
Table 3. PVDC Regulatory Policy Analysis
Table 4. PVDC Consumer Preference Analysis
Table 5. PVDC Market Attractiveness Analysis
Table 6. PVDC ESG Analysis
Table 7. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Type: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Table 8. Global PVDC Market Sales by Type (2020-2025)
Table 9. Global PVDC Market Sales Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 10. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Type (2020-2025)
Table 11. Global PVDC Market Revenue Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 12. Global PVDC Market Price by Type (2020-2025)
Table 13. Global PVDC Market Sales by Type (2026-2031)
Table 14. Global PVDC Market Sales Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 15. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Type (2026-2031)
Table 16. Global PVDC Market Revenue Share by Type (2026-2031)
Table 17. Global PVDC Market Price by Type (2026-2031)
Table 18. Global PVDC Market Size Comparison by Region: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Table 19. Global PVDC Market Sales by Region (2020-2025)
Table 20. Global PVDC Market Sales Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 21. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Region (2020-2025)
Table 22. Global PVDC Market Revenue Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Global PVDC Market Sales by Region (2026-2031)
Table 24. Global PVDC Market Sales Share in Volume by Region (2026-2031)
Table 25. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Region (2026-2031)
Table 26. Global PVDC Market Revenue Share by Region (2026-2031)
Table 27. North America PVDC Market Sales by Country (2020-2025)
Table 28. North America PVDC Market Sales by Country (2026-2031)
Table 29. North America PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2025)
Table 30. North America PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2026-2031)
Table 31. Europe PVDC Market Sales by Country (2020-2025)
Table 32. Europe PVDC Market Sales by Country (2026-2031)
Table 33. Europe PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2025)
Table 34. Europe PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2026-2031)
Table 35. Asia-Pacific PVDC Market Sales by Region (2020-2025)
Table 36. Asia-Pacific PVDC Market Sales by Region (2026-2031)
Table 37. Asia-Pacific PVDC Market Revenue by Region (2020-2025)
Table 38. Asia-Pacific PVDC Market Revenue by Region (2026-2031)
Table 39. Latin America PVDC Market Sales by Country (2020-2025)
Table 40. Latin America PVDC Market Sales by Country (2026-2031)
Table 41. Latin America PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2025)
Table 42. Latin America PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2026-2031)
Table 43. Middle East and Africa PVDC Market Sales by Country (2020-2025)
Table 44. Middle East and Africa PVDC Market Sales by Country (2026-2031)
Table 45. Middle East and Africa PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2020-2025)
Table 46. Middle East and Africa PVDC Market Revenue by Country (2026-2031)
Table 47. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Application: 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Table 48. Global PVDC Market Sales by Application (2020-2025)
Table 49. Global PVDC Market Sales Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 50. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Application (2020-2025)
Table 51. Global PVDC Market Revenue Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 52. Global PVDC Market Price by Application (2020-2025)
Table 53. Global PVDC Market Sales by Application (2026-2031)
Table 54. Global PVDC Market Sales Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 55. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Application (2026-2031)
Table 56. Global PVDC Market Revenue Share by Application (2026-2031)
Table 57. Global PVDC Market Price by Application (2026-2031)
Table 58. Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Market Sales Performance
Table 59. Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Market Sales Share
Table 60. Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Market Revenue Performance (2020-2025)
Table 61. Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Market Revenue Share (2020-2025)
Table 62. Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Average Sales Price (2020-2025)
Table 63. Global PVDC Leading Manufacturers’ Regional Footprint (Headquarters, Manufacturing Base and Sales Areas)
Table 64. Mergers and Acquisition Analysis
Table 65. SK geo centric Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 66. SK geo centric Introduction and Business Overview
Table 67. SK geo centric PVDC Product
Table 68. SK geo centric PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 69. Kureha Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 70. Kureha Introduction and Business Overview
Table 71. Kureha PVDC Product
Table 72. Kureha PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 73. Syensqo (Solvay) Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 74. Syensqo (Solvay) Introduction and Business Overview
Table 75. Syensqo (Solvay) PVDC Product
Table 76. Syensqo (Solvay) PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 77. Asahi Kasei Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 78. Asahi Kasei Introduction and Business Overview
Table 79. Asahi Kasei PVDC Product
Table 80. Asahi Kasei PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 81. Juhua Group Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 82. Juhua Group Introduction and Business Overview
Table 83. Juhua Group PVDC Product
Table 84. Juhua Group PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 85. Nantong SKT Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 86. Nantong SKT Introduction and Business Overview
Table 87. Nantong SKT PVDC Product
Table 88. Nantong SKT PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 89. Keguan Polymer Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 90. Keguan Polymer Introduction and Business Overview
Table 91. Keguan Polymer PVDC Product
Table 92. Keguan Polymer PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 93. Xinglu Chemical Overview (Basic Corporate Information, Manufacturing Footprint, Geographic Sales Presence and Key Competitors)
Table 94. Xinglu Chemical Introduction and Business Overview
Table 95. Xinglu Chemical PVDC Product
Table 96. Xinglu Chemical PVDC Sales, Revenue, Price, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 97. Raw Materials A Key Suppliers Lists
Table 98. Raw Materials B Key Suppliers Lists
Table 99. Raw Materials C Key Suppliers Lists
Table 100. PVDC Typical Downstream Customers
Table 101. Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure 1. PVDC Product Picture
Figure 2. Global PVDC Market Size, 2020 VS 2024 VS 2031
Figure 3. Global PVDC Market Size Status and Outlook (2020-2031)
Figure 4. Global PVDC Sales Status and Outlook (2020-2031)
Figure 5. PVDC Porter's Five Forces Analysis Picture
Figure 6. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Type (2020-2031)
Figure 7. Global PVDC Market Revenue Share by Type in 2024 & 2031
Figure 8. Product Picture of VDC-VC Copolymer Resin
Figure 9. Global VDC-VC Copolymer Resin Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 10. Product Picture of VDC-MA Copolymer Resin
Figure 11. Global VDC-MA Copolymer Resin Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 12. Product Picture of Others
Figure 13. Global Others Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 14. United States PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 15. United States PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 16. Canada PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 17. Canada PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 18. Germany PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 19. Germany PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 20. France PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 21. France PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 22. U.K. PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 23. U.K. PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 24. Italy PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 25. Italy PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 26. Spain PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 27. Spain PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 28. China PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 29. China PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 30. Japan PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 31. Japan PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 32. South Korea PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 33. South Korea PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 34. India PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 35. India PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 36. Southeast Asia PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 37. Southeast Asia PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 38. Mexico PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 39. Mexico PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 40. Brazil PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 41. Brazil PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 42. Turkey PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 43. Turkey PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 44. Saudi Arabia PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 45. Saudi Arabia PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 46. South Africa PVDC Market Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 47. South Africa PVDC Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2031)
Figure 48. Global PVDC Market Revenue by Application (2020-2031)
Figure 49. Global PVDC Revenue Market Share by Application in 2024 & 2031
Figure 50. Product Picture of Food Packaging and Wrap
Figure 51. Global Food Packaging and Wrap Revenues YoY Growth (2020-2031)
Figure 52. Product Picture of Pharmaceuticals Packaging
Figure 53. Global Pharmaceuticals Packaging Revenues YoY Growth (2020-2031)
Figure 54. Product Picture of Sterilized Medical Packaging
Figure 55. Global Sterilized Medical Packaging Revenues YoY Growth (2020-2031)
Figure 56. Product Picture of Others
Figure 57. Global Others Revenues YoY Growth (2020-2031)
Figure 58. PVDC Channels of Distribution (Direct Vs Distribution)